大寶積經卷第三十五·菩薩藏會第十二之一·開化長者品第一
原文:
[0202b23]
……是故諸長者!我今不執眼耳鼻舌身意,汝等亦應如是隨學。我今不執色聲香味觸法,乃至不執色等諸蘊、地等諸界、此世他世,汝等亦應如是隨學。諸長者!汝等若於眼耳鼻舌身意不執著者,則不依眼住、不依耳鼻舌身意住。汝等不依色聲香味觸法時,汝等則不依於一切法住。汝等不依色蘊乃至不依識蘊住者,則不依色蘊乃至識蘊住。汝等不依地水火風空識界時,則不依地界乃至識界住。汝等不依此世他世及以一切世間住者,如是汝等不取一切法時,則不依於一切法住。若能不依一切法住者,是則名為非當有非不當有。汝等若悟非當有非不當有者,我說汝等解脫生老病死諸苦。」
將此段添加換行以更清晰地標識問題:
[0202b23]
……
是故諸長者!我今不執眼耳鼻舌身意,汝等亦應如是隨學。我今不執色聲香味觸法,乃至不執色等諸蘊、地等諸界、此世他世,汝等亦應如是隨學。
諸長者!汝等若於眼耳鼻舌身意不執著者,則不依眼住、不依耳鼻舌身意住。(1)
汝等不依色聲香味觸法時,汝等則不依於一切法住。(2)
汝等不依色蘊乃至不依識蘊住者,則不依色蘊乃至識蘊住。(3)
汝等不依地水火風空識界時,則不依地界乃至識界住。(4)
汝等不依此世他世及以一切世間住者,(5)
如是汝等不取一切法時,則不依於一切法住。(6)
若能不依一切法住者,是則名為非當有非不當有。
汝等若悟非當有非不當有者,我說汝等解脫生老病死諸苦。」
可以看到以下幾個問題:
(1)句格式為,「汝等若不執著X,則不依X1住,不依X2,X3…Xn住」,和第(6)句的結構大致相同。
然而(2)(3)(4)句卻變成了「汝等不依…則不依…」,且第(3)句明顯前後重複,「若X則X」,這句話等於沒有說。
第(5)句缺失半句。
考察此經梵文及藏文之英譯:
此段為:
“Householders, when you no longer hold on to the eye andno longer hold on to the ear, the nose, the tongue, the body, or the mind, then you will no longer be dependent on the eye and so forth, up to and including the mind. (1)
(諸長者!汝等若於眼耳鼻舌身意不執著者,則不依眼住、不依耳鼻舌身意住。)
Householders, when you no longer hold on to form and no longer hold on sounds, smells, tastes, physical objects, and mental objects, then you will no longer be dependent on any of these phenomena. (2)
Householders, when you no longer hold on to the skandha of form and no longer hold on to the skandhas of feeling, perception, and mental conditioning, then you will no longer be dependent on these skandhas. Householders, when you no longer hold on to the skandha of consciousness, then you will no longer be dependent on the skandha of consciousness. (3)
Householders, when you no longer hold on to the earth element and no longer hold on to the water element, the fire element, the wind element, or the space element, then you will no longer be dependent on these elements.
Householders, when you no longer hold on to the consciousness element, then you will no longer be dependent on the consciousness element. (4)
Householders, when you no longer hold on to this world and no longer hold on to the world beyond, then you will not be dependent on any world. (5)
Householders, when you no longer hold on to any of these phenomena, then you will no longer be dependent on any of these phenomena. (6)
(如是汝等不取一切法時,則不依於一切法住。)
Householders, when you are no longer dependent on any of these phenomena, then you will no longer be subject to becoming, and you will no longer perish. When you are no longer subject to becoming and no longer perish, then you will be fully liberated from birth, aging, sickness, death, pain, despair, suffering, depression, and struggle. You will be fully liberated from suffering. This is what I say to you.”
此一大段的句式皆為’when you no longer hold on to X, then you will no longer be dependent on X.’ (當你不再執著于X,你就不再依賴于X)。
由此,原文(2)(3)(4)的第一個「不依」,應該是如第(1)句的「不執著」,或如第(6)句的「不取」:
汝等不取色聲香味觸法時,汝等則不依於一切法住。(2)
汝等不取色蘊乃至不取識蘊時,則不依色蘊乃至識蘊住。(3)
汝等不取地水火風空識界時,則不依地界乃至識界住。(4)
第(5)句補全應爲「汝等不取此世他世及以一切世間時,則不依此世他世及以一切世間住者」。
本卷末尾的偈頌原文:
[0203a11] 爾時世尊欲重宣此義,而說頌曰:
「袈裟執受已, 其髮自然斷,
一切皆持鉢, 即座成羅漢。
知得羅漢已, 於苾芻眾前,
及對諸天等, 大師已問說:
『昔於世依怙, 廣行諸布施,
隨其所生處, 常感多安樂。
彼今得見我, 復生清淨心,
由彼心清淨, 故為說妙法。』
聞說得羅漢, 永離於我見,
證空法現前, 解脫諸生死。」
此處,「知得羅漢已」開始不是世尊說的内容,而是敘事部分,只是寫成五言格式。從「昔於世依怙」是「大師」說的另一段偈頌。「聞說得羅漢」與上文「故為說妙法」成因果關係,故也應是所説的内容。正確的標點應是:
爾時世尊欲重宣此義,而說頌曰:
「袈裟執受已, 其髮自然斷,
一切皆持鉢, 即座成羅漢。」
知得羅漢已, 於苾芻眾前,
及對諸天等, 大師已問說:
「昔於世依怙, 廣行諸布施,
隨其所生處, 常感多安樂。
彼今得見我, 復生清淨心,
由彼心清淨, 故為說妙法。
聞說得羅漢, 永離於我見,
證空法現前, 解脫諸生死。」